Betty Neuman’s Systems Model

Person

• an open system that works together with other parts of its body as it interact with the environment

• a dynamic composite of the interrelationship of five variables: (1.) physiological, (2.) psychological, (3.) sociocultural, (4.) developmental, and (5.) spiritual

• has protective mechanisms for the basic structure, and maintains client’s system stability: (1.) flexible line of defense, (2.) normal line of defense, and (3.) lines of resistance